---
title: "List all Virtual Accounts"
method: GET
path: "/virtual-accounts"
tags: ["VirtualAccount"]
---

# List all Virtual Accounts

`GET /virtual-accounts`

List all Virtual Accounts across the organization. Spans every customer
in the caller's organization; optionally filter by status and/or customer.

## Query parameters

- `limit` integer
- `startingAfter` string
- `endingBefore` string
- `status` 'pending' | 'active' | 'frozen' | 'closed' | 'deleted' | 'failed' | 'inactiveActionRequired' — Lifecycle of a Virtual Account. pending: awaiting bank provisioning. active: accepting deposits. frozen: deposits held by compliance. inactiveActionRequired: destination unusable - re-point `destination` to recover. closed: permanently disabled. deleted: close flow finalized. failed: provisioning failed.
- `customerId` string

## Response `200`

The request has succeeded.

- VirtualAccountList — Paginated list of VirtualAccount resources.
  - `object` string — Resource type discriminator.
  - `hasMore` boolean — True when more rows exist beyond this page in the direction of travel (forward by default, backward when `endingBefore` was supplied).
  - `nextCursor` string — Opaque cursor pointing at the last item in this page. Present when `data` is non-empty. Pass as `startingAfter` to fetch the next page; `hasMore=false` signals no more pages forward.
  - `previousCursor` string — Opaque cursor pointing at the first item in this page. Present when `data` is non-empty. Pass as `endingBefore` to page backward; when this yields an empty response the client is at the start of the list.
  - `data` VirtualAccount[] — The page of results.
    - `id` string — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
    - `object` 'virtualAccount' — Resource type discriminator. Always "virtualAccount".
    - `customerId` string — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
    - `status` 'pending' | 'active' | 'frozen' | 'closed' | 'deleted' | 'failed' | 'inactiveActionRequired' — Lifecycle of a Virtual Account. pending: awaiting bank provisioning. active: accepting deposits. frozen: deposits held by compliance. inactiveActionRequired: destination unusable - re-point `destination` to recover. closed: permanently disabled. deleted: close flow finalized. failed: provisioning failed.
    - `statusReason` string — Human-readable explanation of the current status.
    - `source` VirtualAccountSource — Expected inbound rail for the virtual account: fiat asset and bank network.
      - `asset` string, required — Fixed for Alpha: "usd".
      - `network` string, required — Fixed for Alpha: "usBank".
    - `depositInstructions` VirtualAccountInstructions — Spec-mandated (v0.10/v0.10) VA deposit-instructions wrapper. bankUs holds zero, one, or two routing blocks (domestic + SWIFT), depending on which incoming rails the partner has enabled.
      - `bankUs` BankRoutingBlock[]
        - `supportedSources` AssetNetworkPair[] — Asset/network pairs this routing block accepts deposits for.
          - `asset` string, required
          - `network` string, required
        - `bankName` string, required
        - `bankAddress` string, required
        - `accountNumber` string, required
        - `routingNumber` string, nullable, required — US domestic only; null for SWIFT.
        - `accountType` string, nullable, required — US domestic only; null for SWIFT. Always "checking" when present.
        - `BIC` string, nullable, required — SWIFT only; null for US domestic.
        - `beneficiary` BankRoutingBlockBeneficiary, required — Beneficiary on a bank routing block - the entity to which the funds are ultimately credited. For SWIFT this is the settlement bank; for domestic rails this is the customer. Response-only, system-synthesised (settlement-bank entity or customer counterparty). The address is a single formatted display line, e.g. "6 Acme Way, Bentonville, AR 72712 US".
          - `name` string, required
          - `address` string, required
        - `memo` string, nullable, required — SWIFT only; null for US domestic. OMS-generated: "FFC <customerName> <depositAccountNumber>".
    - `destination` union — The source side of a transaction/quote (v0.10): a typed instrument carrying identity (`party`) and instrument detail. Amounts live only in `pricing`.
      - object — OMS-custodied crypto wallet instrument.
        - `party` union
          - object — The owning OMS customer is on this side.
            - `relationship` 'customer', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `entityType` 'individual' | 'business'
            - `customerId` string, required — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
          - object — A different OMS customer is on this side.
            - `relationship` 'otherCustomer', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `entityType` 'individual' | 'business'
            - `customerId` string, required — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
            - `name` string, nullable — Display name.
          - object — A registered counterparty (saved third party) is on this side.
            - `relationship` 'externalRegistered', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `entityType` 'individual' | 'business'
            - `counterpartyId` string, required — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
            - `name` string, nullable — Display name.
            - `address` Address — A postal address. country is an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.
              - …
          - object — An unrecognized external party (no saved record) is on this side. There is no OMS record behind it, so it carries no entityType.
            - `relationship` 'externalUnregistered', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `name` string, nullable — Display name.
            - `address` Address — A postal address. country is an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.
              - …
        - `type` 'walletOms', required — Type discriminator.
        - `category` 'crypto', required — High-level grouping: `fiatAccount` for bank or card accounts, `crypto` for wallets.
        - `details` WalletOmsDetails, required — WalletOms instrument details: an OMS-custodied crypto wallet.
          - `id` string — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
          - `asset` string — Canonical asset identifier.
          - `network` string — Network identifier.
          - `blockchainAddress` string — On-chain address.
          - `custodyType` 'custodial' | 'embedded' — How the wallet is held: `custodial` or `embedded`.
          - `txHash` string — On-chain transaction hash.
          - `blockchainAsset` BlockchainAsset
            - `protocol` 'evm' | 'svm' | 'sui', required
            - `chainId` string, required
            - `tokenId` string, required
      - object — Externally-custodied crypto wallet instrument.
        - `party` union
          - object — The owning OMS customer is on this side.
            - `relationship` 'customer', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `entityType` 'individual' | 'business'
            - `customerId` string, required — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
          - object — A different OMS customer is on this side.
            - `relationship` 'otherCustomer', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `entityType` 'individual' | 'business'
            - `customerId` string, required — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
            - `name` string, nullable — Display name.
          - object — A registered counterparty (saved third party) is on this side.
            - `relationship` 'externalRegistered', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `entityType` 'individual' | 'business'
            - `counterpartyId` string, required — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
            - `name` string, nullable — Display name.
            - `address` Address — A postal address. country is an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.
              - …
          - object — An unrecognized external party (no saved record) is on this side. There is no OMS record behind it, so it carries no entityType.
            - `relationship` 'externalUnregistered', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `name` string, nullable — Display name.
            - `address` Address — A postal address. country is an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.
              - …
        - `type` 'walletExternal', required — Type discriminator.
        - `category` 'crypto', required — High-level grouping: `fiatAccount` for bank or card accounts, `crypto` for wallets.
        - `details` WalletExternalDetails, required — WalletExternal instrument details: a crypto wallet held in external custody.
          - `id` string — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
          - `asset` string — Canonical asset identifier.
          - `network` string — Network identifier.
          - `blockchainAddress` string — On-chain address.
          - `custodian` string — Custodian holding the funds.
          - `otherCustodian` string — Free-text custodian name when `custodian` is `other`.
          - `txHash` string — On-chain transaction hash.
          - `blockchainAsset` BlockchainAsset
            - `protocol` 'evm' | 'svm' | 'sui', required
            - `chainId` string, required
            - `tokenId` string, required
      - object — Fiat balance wallet instrument - a USD balance held at a partner bank (a settlement bank). No network or on-chain address; an internal ledger.
        - `party` union
          - object — The owning OMS customer is on this side.
            - `relationship` 'customer', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `entityType` 'individual' | 'business'
            - `customerId` string, required — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
          - object — A different OMS customer is on this side.
            - `relationship` 'otherCustomer', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `entityType` 'individual' | 'business'
            - `customerId` string, required — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
            - `name` string, nullable — Display name.
          - object — A registered counterparty (saved third party) is on this side.
            - `relationship` 'externalRegistered', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `entityType` 'individual' | 'business'
            - `counterpartyId` string, required — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
            - `name` string, nullable — Display name.
            - `address` Address — A postal address. country is an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.
              - …
          - object — An unrecognized external party (no saved record) is on this side. There is no OMS record behind it, so it carries no entityType.
            - `relationship` 'externalUnregistered', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `name` string, nullable — Display name.
            - `address` Address — A postal address. country is an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.
              - …
        - `type` 'walletFiat', required — Type discriminator.
        - `category` 'fiatAccount', required — High-level grouping: `fiatAccount` for bank or card accounts, `crypto` for wallets.
        - `details` WalletFiatInstrumentDetails, required — WalletFiat instrument details: a fiat balance wallet held at a partner bank (e.g. USD at a settlement bank). No network or on-chain address - an internal ledger balance.
          - `id` string — OMS fiat wallet ID (`wlt_fiat_` prefix). Look up via `GET /wallets`. Plain string, not the `typeId` scalar: `wlt_fiat_` is a two-token prefix, which the single-underscore `typeId` pattern cannot validate. Matches the sibling `WalletFiatSideDetails.id` in quote.tsp.
          - `asset` 'usd' — Fiat currency of the balance. Only `usd` today.
          - `provider` string — Legal entity holding the balance (e.g. "the settlement bank"). Read-only.
      - object — US bank account instrument.
        - `party` union
          - object — The owning OMS customer is on this side.
            - `relationship` 'customer', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `entityType` 'individual' | 'business'
            - `customerId` string, required — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
          - object — A different OMS customer is on this side.
            - `relationship` 'otherCustomer', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `entityType` 'individual' | 'business'
            - `customerId` string, required — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
            - `name` string, nullable — Display name.
          - object — A registered counterparty (saved third party) is on this side.
            - `relationship` 'externalRegistered', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `entityType` 'individual' | 'business'
            - `counterpartyId` string, required — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
            - `name` string, nullable — Display name.
            - `address` Address — A postal address. country is an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.
              - …
          - object — An unrecognized external party (no saved record) is on this side. There is no OMS record behind it, so it carries no entityType.
            - `relationship` 'externalUnregistered', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `name` string, nullable — Display name.
            - `address` Address — A postal address. country is an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.
              - …
        - `type` 'bankUs', required — Type discriminator.
        - `category` 'fiatAccount', required — High-level grouping: `fiatAccount` for bank or card accounts, `crypto` for wallets.
        - `details` BankUsDetails, required — US bank account instrument details.
          - `id` string — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
          - `asset` 'usd' — Canonical asset identifier.
          - `network` 'ach' | 'achSameDay' | 'wire' | 'rtp' — Network identifier.
          - `secCode` 'ccd' | 'ppd' | 'web' — ACH SEC code. Populated only when the destination bank network is `ach`/`achSameDay`; null otherwise. Server-derived from the destination owner's and the source customer's `entityType`.
          - `accountNumberLast4` string — Last four digits of the account number.
          - `routingNumber` string — US ABA routing number.
          - `bankName` string — Bank display name.
          - `accountType` 'checking' | 'savings' — checking or savings.
          - `memo` string — Payment memo.
      - object — IBAN bank account instrument.
        - `party` union
          - object — The owning OMS customer is on this side.
            - `relationship` 'customer', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `entityType` 'individual' | 'business'
            - `customerId` string, required — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
          - object — A different OMS customer is on this side.
            - `relationship` 'otherCustomer', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `entityType` 'individual' | 'business'
            - `customerId` string, required — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
            - `name` string, nullable — Display name.
          - object — A registered counterparty (saved third party) is on this side.
            - `relationship` 'externalRegistered', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `entityType` 'individual' | 'business'
            - `counterpartyId` string, required — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
            - `name` string, nullable — Display name.
            - `address` Address — A postal address. country is an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.
              - …
          - object — An unrecognized external party (no saved record) is on this side. There is no OMS record behind it, so it carries no entityType.
            - `relationship` 'externalUnregistered', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `name` string, nullable — Display name.
            - `address` Address — A postal address. country is an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.
              - …
        - `type` 'bankIban', required — Type discriminator.
        - `category` 'fiatAccount', required — High-level grouping: `fiatAccount` for bank or card accounts, `crypto` for wallets.
        - `details` BankIbanDetails, required — IBAN bank account instrument details.
          - `id` string — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
          - `asset` string — Canonical asset identifier.
          - `network` 'swift' — Network identifier.
          - `ibanLast4` string — Last four characters of the IBAN.
          - `BIC` string — SWIFT BIC.
          - `bankAddress` Address — A postal address. country is an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.
            - `line1` string — Street address, line 1.
            - `line2` string — Street address, line 2.
            - `city` string — City.
            - `state` string — State / province / region.
            - `country` string — ISO 3166-1 alpha-2
            - `zipCode` string — ZIP / postal code.
          - `countryCode` string — ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.
          - `memo` string — Payment memo.
      - object — Canadian bank account instrument.
        - `party` union
          - object — The owning OMS customer is on this side.
            - `relationship` 'customer', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `entityType` 'individual' | 'business'
            - `customerId` string, required — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
          - object — A different OMS customer is on this side.
            - `relationship` 'otherCustomer', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `entityType` 'individual' | 'business'
            - `customerId` string, required — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
            - `name` string, nullable — Display name.
          - object — A registered counterparty (saved third party) is on this side.
            - `relationship` 'externalRegistered', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `entityType` 'individual' | 'business'
            - `counterpartyId` string, required — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
            - `name` string, nullable — Display name.
            - `address` Address — A postal address. country is an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.
              - …
          - object — An unrecognized external party (no saved record) is on this side. There is no OMS record behind it, so it carries no entityType.
            - `relationship` 'externalUnregistered', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `name` string, nullable — Display name.
            - `address` Address — A postal address. country is an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.
              - …
        - `type` 'bankCanada', required — Type discriminator.
        - `category` 'fiatAccount', required — High-level grouping: `fiatAccount` for bank or card accounts, `crypto` for wallets.
        - `details` BankCanadaDetails, required — Canadian bank account instrument details.
          - `id` string — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
          - `asset` 'usd' | 'cad' — Canonical asset identifier.
          - `network` 'swift' | 'local' — Network identifier.
          - `institutionNumber` string — Canadian 3-digit institution number.
          - `transitNumber` string — Canadian 5-digit transit number.
          - `accountNumberLast4` string — Last four digits of the account number.
          - `bankName` string — Bank display name.
          - `memo` string — Payment memo.
      - object — Card instrument.
        - `party` union
          - object — The owning OMS customer is on this side.
            - `relationship` 'customer', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `entityType` 'individual' | 'business'
            - `customerId` string, required — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
          - object — A different OMS customer is on this side.
            - `relationship` 'otherCustomer', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `entityType` 'individual' | 'business'
            - `customerId` string, required — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
            - `name` string, nullable — Display name.
          - object — A registered counterparty (saved third party) is on this side.
            - `relationship` 'externalRegistered', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `entityType` 'individual' | 'business'
            - `counterpartyId` string, required — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
            - `name` string, nullable — Display name.
            - `address` Address — A postal address. country is an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.
              - …
          - object — An unrecognized external party (no saved record) is on this side. There is no OMS record behind it, so it carries no entityType.
            - `relationship` 'externalUnregistered', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `name` string, nullable — Display name.
            - `address` Address — A postal address. country is an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.
              - …
        - `type` 'card', required — Type discriminator.
        - `category` 'fiatAccount', required — High-level grouping: `fiatAccount` for bank or card accounts, `crypto` for wallets.
        - `details` CardDetails, required — Card instrument details.
          - `id` string — Unique identifier.
          - `asset` 'usd' — Canonical asset identifier.
          - `network` 'card' — Network identifier.
          - `cardNumberLast4` string — Last four digits of the card number.
          - `cardProvider` string — Card network/provider.
          - `memo` string — Payment memo.
      - object — Cash instrument.
        - `party` union
          - object — The owning OMS customer is on this side.
            - `relationship` 'customer', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `entityType` 'individual' | 'business'
            - `customerId` string, required — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
          - object — A different OMS customer is on this side.
            - `relationship` 'otherCustomer', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `entityType` 'individual' | 'business'
            - `customerId` string, required — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
            - `name` string, nullable — Display name.
          - object — A registered counterparty (saved third party) is on this side.
            - `relationship` 'externalRegistered', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `entityType` 'individual' | 'business'
            - `counterpartyId` string, required — Public TypeID, e.g. `txn_01h455vb4pex5vsknk084sn02q`; legacy UUID suffixes are accepted until non-v7 rows are retired.
            - `name` string, nullable — Display name.
            - `address` Address — A postal address. country is an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.
              - …
          - object — An unrecognized external party (no saved record) is on this side. There is no OMS record behind it, so it carries no entityType.
            - `relationship` 'externalUnregistered', required — Relationship discriminator.
            - `name` string, nullable — Display name.
            - `address` Address — A postal address. country is an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.
              - …
        - `type` 'cash', required — Type discriminator.
        - `category` 'cash', required — High-level grouping: always `cash` for cash pickups and drops.
        - `details` CashDetails, required — Cash pickup/drop instrument details.
          - `asset` string — Canonical asset identifier.
          - `cashLocationId` string — Cash location ID from `GET /cash-locations`.
          - `cashLocationReference` string — Provider reference for the location, from `GET /cash-locations`.
          - `code` string — Machine-readable code.
          - `expiresAt` string, date-time — Expiration time.
          - `locationName` string — Display name of the retail location.
          - `locationAddress` string — Street address of the retail location.
    - `sponsorGas` boolean — Whether OMS absorbs the on-chain gas cost for the destination delivery. Persisted from the create/update request (currently only `true` is accepted).
    - `bankMemo` string — Wire/ACH memo the customer can include with deposits.
    - `label` string — Partner display label.
    - `metadata` object — Free-form key-value pairs supplied at creation or update.
    - `createdAt` string, date-time — When the virtual account was created.
    - `updatedAt` string, date-time — When the virtual account was last updated.
    - `failureReason` 'provisioningTimeout' | 'systemError' | 'ereborRejected' | 'deletePendingTimeout' — Closed enum stamped by failVA when a VA flips to terminal `failed` state.
    - `deletionRequestedAt` string, date-time — Set when DELETE has been requested but the close webhook has not yet finalized.
    - `deletionRequestedBy` string — Identity (JWT subject claim) of the caller who invoked DELETE.
    - `finalBalance` AmountObject — Single-amount snapshot - value in minor units, plus the currency code and a human-readable display string. Used wherever the API exposes a one-shot amount (e.g. virtualAccount.finalBalance), as distinct from balance shapes with available/pending/reserved components.
      - `value` string, required — Wire-safe integer string for fiat amounts within int64 range.
      - `currency` string, required — ISO 4217 currency code.
      - `display` string, required — Human-readable rendering (e.g. "12.34 USD").

---

[API](https://skmtc.net/polygon-technology/apis/polygon-oms-public-api.md) · [All operations](https://skmtc.net/polygon-technology/apis/polygon-oms-public-api/llms.txt) · [OpenAPI document](https://skmtc-service-staging.skmtc.workers.dev/v1/apis/polygon-technology/polygon-oms-public-api/revisions/18fdaebf64e5/schema)
